Overcoming Male Factor Infertility: A Journey Through Assisted Reproductive Technology With Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy.

This case study presents a couple's journey through assisted reproductive technology (ART) experiencing two failed in vitro fertilization cycles. The couple underwent a comprehensive examination, revealing the normal parameters for the female, but asthenoteratozoospermia in the male indicating high morphological defects and reduced sperm motility. Subsequently, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was planned. Despite retrieving six oocytes during ovum pickup (OPU), all blastocysts stopped growth on the second day, prompting a sperm chromatin test disclosing highly DNA-fragmented sperm. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy was initiated to improve sperm quality, along with frozen embryo transfer (FET). Sperm were incubated with PRP, yielding improved sperm motility and reduced sperm DNA fragmentation. OPU yielded five good-quality metaphase II (MII) oocytes, which were successfully fertilized with PRP-treated sperm, resulting in the formation of four blastocysts. These blastocysts were frozen and later used for FET, resulting in a positive pregnancy outcome and successful conception. This case highlights the importance of personalized intervention in addressing the infertility factor in males and achieving successful ART outcomes.

Comparative assessment of chondral defect repair using migratory chondroprogenitors suspended in either gelled or freeze-dried platelet-rich plasma: An in vitro and ex vivo human osteochondral unit model study.

BACKGROUND: Chondroprogenitors, with enhanced chondrogenic potential, have emerged to be a promising alternative for cell-based therapy in cartilage repair. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), widely used for intra-articular treatment, has a short half-life. Freeze-dried PRP (FD-PRP), with an extended half-life and retained growth factors, is gaining attention. This study compares the efficacy of Migratory Chondroprogenitors (MCPs) in gelled PRP and FD-PRP using in-vitro and ex-vivo models, assessing FD-PRP as a potential off-the-shelf option for effective cartilage repair. METHODOLOGY: MCPs were isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage samples (n = 3), characterized through FACS and RT-PCR. For in-vitro analysis, cells were loaded into gelled PRP and FD-PRP scaffolds at a density of 1x106 cells per scaffold. Trilineage differentiation studies and live-dead assays were conducted on MCPs using Calcein AM/Propidium Homodimer-1. In ex-vivo analysis, MCPs of the same density were added to Osteochondral Units (OCU) with chondral defects containing PRP gel and FD-PRP scaffolds, harvested on the 15th and 35th days for histological examination. Controls included cell-free scaffolds. RESULTS: Our in-vitro analysis demonstrates the robust viability of MCPs in both scaffolds, with no discernible impact on their differentiation capacity. Ex-vivo analysis of the OCU for cartilage repair showed that the chondrogenic potential characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagen type II production (with no alteration in collagen type X), was observed to be better with the gel PRP and the gel PRP containing MCP groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the preference for gel PRP as a superior synergistic scaffold for chondroprogenitor delivery.

Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) and its Application in Dentistry: A Literature Review.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a biocompatible fibrin matrix that acts as a resorbable membrane, collecting platelet cytokines, growth factors, and cells and releasing them. It is easily extracted from blood. Many dentists use PRF, a concentrated growth factor solution, to treat various lesions and regenerate tooth and oral tissues. This research examines the pros, cons, and suggestions of using PRF in dentistry.

How to explain the beneficial effects of platelet-rich plasma.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the platelet and leukocyte-containing plasmatic fraction of anticoagulated autologous blood. While evidence supporting the clinical use of PRP in dentistry is low, PRP is widely used in sports medicine, orthopedics, and dermatology. Its beneficial activity is commonly attributed to the growth factors released from platelets accumulating in PRP; however, evidence is indirect and not comprehensive. There is thus a demand to revisit PRP with respect to basic and translational science. This review is to (i) recapitulate protocols and tools to prepare PRP; (ii) to discuss the cellular and molecular composition of PRP with a focus on platelets, leukocytes, and the fibrin-rich extracellular matrix of coagulated plasma; and finally (iii) to discuss potential beneficial effects of PRP on a cellular and molecular level with an outlook on its current use in dentistry and other medical fields.

Evaluating the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma injection for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

INTRODUCTION: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in factors that play a role in stem cell recruitment, inflammation modulation, and angiogenesis. With numerous preclinical and clinical studies exploring PRP as a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), this study focused on assessing the effectiveness of intracorporeal PRP injection for ED patients based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). OBJECTIVES: The study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intracorporeal injection of PRP in treating ED through a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. METHODS: This study adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted on online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) to identify RCTs comparing PRP with a placebo for ED treatment. The primary outcomes assessed were the proportion of patients achieving the minimal clinically important difference in the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) domain and the change in the IIEF domain from baseline. The results were combined as a standardized mean difference between the PRP and placebo groups. RESULTS: Three RCTs comprising 230 patients were included. The overall effect favored PRP over placebo: total patients attaining minimal clinically important difference in the IIEF domain (odds ratio [OR], 5.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05 to 15.55; P = .0008), IIEF change from baseline (mean difference [MD], 2.99; 95% CI, 1.74 to 4.24; P = .00001), PSV (MD, 9.34; 95% CI, 0.84 to 17.84; P = .03), end-diastolic volume (standardized MD, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.83; P = .003), Sexual Encounter Profile question 3 (standardized MD, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.12; P = .00001), and visual analog scale score (MD, -0.30; 95% CI, -0.53 to -0.08; P = .008). CONCLUSION: PRP appears to be a safe and effective treatment for mild-to-moderate ED. However, further support from high-quality RCTs is needed to strengthen these findings.

Revolutionizing Back Pain Management: Is Epidural Platelet-Rich Plasma the Superior Choice Over Steroids?

Background and objective Low back discomfort is one of the main factors that restrict physical activity, and it is becoming more and more common. Surgery is the best option when all other conservative treatment methods have failed, but it is not a panacea. While local anesthetic-free and combined epidural steroid injections have been used for many years, their usefulness is limited to shorter periods. In the field of orthopedics, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained widespread recognition as an adjuvant component. PRP has been applied to improve tissue repair, both soft and hard. This comparative study aimed to evaluate the potential of PRP as a therapy for low back pain (LBP). Methods We included 64 adult individuals with complaints of LBP. They were classified into two groups: group A underwent a single injection in the afflicted lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) level with 1.5 ml of methylprednisolone, 1.5 ml 2% lidocaine, and 0.5 ml of saline under rigorous aseptic precautions; in contrast, group B was administered a single injection of 3 milliliters of autologous PRP. Patients' scores on the visual analog scale (VAS), the Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ), and the Straight Leg Raising Test (SLRT) were assessed before and during therapy. Results The data gathered were subjected to statistical analysis. Statistically significant differences were found in the VAS scores between group A (methylprednisolone group) and group B (PRP group) post-one hour (6.0 ±0.74 vs. 6.92 ±0.57) and after three months (5.2 ±0.65 vs. 3.26 ±0.79). Conclusions Our study revealed gradual progressive improvement in the symptoms of patients in the PRP group as indicated by scores on SLRT, VAS, and MODQ. The results were comparable to those who received methylprednisolone injections. There was a statistically significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups, with the PRP group reporting a higher degree of pain reduction, showing that PRP is an effective alternative to epidural steroid infiltration in managing chronic LBP.

Αnti-prion effects of anthocyanins.

Prion diseases, also known as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), are protein-based neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) affecting humans and animals. They are characterized by the conformational conversion of the normal cellular prion protein, PrPC, into the pathogenic isoform, PrPSc. Prion diseases are invariably fatal and despite ongoing research, no effective prophylactic or therapeutic avenues are currently available. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are unique flavonoid compounds and interest in their use as potential neuroprotective and/or therapeutic agents against NDs, has increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, we investigated the potential anti-oxidant and anti-prion effects of Oenin and Myrtillin, two of the most common anthocyanins, using the most accepted in the field overexpressing PrPScin vitro model and a cell free protein aggregation model. Our results, indicate both anthocyanins as strong anti-oxidant compounds, upregulating the expression of genes involved in the anti-oxidant response, and reducing the levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), produced due to pathogenic prion infection, through the activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Importantly, they showcased remarkable anti-prion potential, as they not only caused the clearance of pathogenic PrPSc aggregates, but also completely inhibited the formation of PrPSc fibrils in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Therefore, Oenin and Myrtillin possess pleiotropic effects, suggesting their potential use as promising preventive and/or therapeutic agents in prion diseases and possibly in the spectrum of neurodegenerative proteinopathies.

Role of Negative Suction Therapy and Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Management of Delayed Post-operative Wound Healing: A Case Report.

Tibial Pilon fractures are rare yet devastating injuries. To classify these fractures, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification system is the most commonly used method. Out of all the different types, type C fractures are the most difficult to manage because the enormous energy involved in creating this type of injury typically severely destroys the soft tissue surrounding the fracture zone. As a result, long-term outcomes are frequently poor, and proper initial primary care is critical. Pilon fractures are injuries that are difficult to manage, considering the poor soft tissue envelope. These injuries often are associated with delayed wound healing and require staged management. Additional methods of treating the soft tissue envelope are currently being investigated and have shown promising results for the future. We share our experience in the management of AO type 43C3 grade I compound distal tibia fibular fracture with post-operative wound dehiscence, successfully managed with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy.

Biologic Augmentation of Isolated Meniscal Repair.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The limited blood supply and intrinsic healing capacity of the meniscus contributes to suboptimal tissue regeneration following injury and surgical repair. Biologic augmentation techniques have been utilized in combination with isolated meniscal repair to improve tissue regeneration. Several innovative strategies such as Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), fibrin clots, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone marrow stimulation, meniscal scaffolds, and meniscal wrapping, are being explored to enhance repair outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent findings and conclusions regarding biologic augmentation techniques. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies on PRP reveal mixed outcomes, with some suggesting benefits in reducing failure rates of isolated meniscal repair, while others question its efficacy. Fibrin clots and PRF (Platelet-rich fibrin), although promising, show inconsistent results and lack sufficient evidence for definitive conclusions. MSCs demonstrate potential in preclinical studies, but clinical trials have been limited and inconclusive. Bone marrow stimulation appears effective in certain contexts, but its broader applicability remains uncertain. Meniscal scaffolds, including CMI (Collagen Meniscal Implants) and Actifit (polyurethane scaffolds), show encouraging short- and mid-term outcomes but have not consistently surpassed traditional methods in the long term. Meniscal wrapping is infrequently studied but demonstrates positive short-term results with certain applications. The review reveals a diverse range of outcomes for biologic augmentation in meniscal repair. While certain techniques show promise, particularly in specific scenarios, the overall efficacy of these methods has yet to reach a consensus. The review underscores the necessity for standardized, high-quality research to establish the definitive effectiveness of these biologic augmentation methods.

Uterine infusion strategies for infertile patients with recurrent implantation failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Intra-uterine infusion treatments were reported to be beneficial to embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes, and considered as potential therapies for infertile patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Nevertheless, their efficiencies were controversial and there lack of consensus on which intrauterine treatment is the most effective. METHODS: All prospective trials (in Chinese or English) were searched in Databases PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CNKI from July 2013 to July 2023. We included studies that investigated various uterine infusions, including chorionic gonadotropin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocytes, platelet-rich plasma, etc. during IVF treatment and reported subsequent pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: We finally included 56 researches, including 40 randomized controlled trials, 14 non-randomized controlled trials, and 3 prospective cohort studies. This study included a total of 11 uterine perfusion methods: Placebo, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC), Growth hormone (GH), dexamethasone (DEX), Embryo culture supernatant (ESC), PRP combined with G-CSF (PRP + G-CSF), RPR combined with subcutaneous injection of G-CSF (RPR + G-CSFsc), G-CSF combined with subcutaneous injection of AXaIU (G-CSF + AXaIUsc). Intrauterine infusion of HCG, PBMC, G-CSF, and PRP significantly improves pregnancy outcomes in patients with repeated implantation failure compared with blank controls or placebo, and PRP improved the clinical pregnancy and live birth most. GH and ESC infusion might improve the pregnancy outcomes, but uterine infusion of DEX was shown with high miscarriage. The combination therapy did not show a significant advantage over the mono-therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Intrauterine infusion of HCG, PBMC, G-CSF, and PRP are promising strategies for improving pregnancy outcomes for infertile patients with recurrent implantation failure. Among these treatments, PRP may be the best. More researches are required to explore the effect of drug combinations and less commonly used drugs as well. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Our study was registered in PROSPERO and the ID was CRD42023467188.

Pediatric Hemophilic Arthropathy of the Knee: Treatment With Circular External Fixator and Intra-articular Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma.

There are limited reports about managing knee flexion contracture (KFC) due to hemophilic hemarthrosis with the Ilizarov technique and platelet-rich plasma intraarticular injection administration. This article aims to describe a case of KFC treated with a circular external fixator and intraarticular administration of platelet-rich plasma in a pediatric patient. A 12-year-old male patient suffering from hemophilia A was being monitored by our department due to knee effusions. Extensive knee flexion contracture of the left knee was seen. The Ilizarov technique was chosen for surgical management of the worsening knee flexion contracture. The duration of distraction was six weeks. Due to localized pain and functional impairment, intra-articular administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was applied twice, on the first month after the circular frame removal and at a six-month follow-up, with clinical and functional improvement. Our clinical case report demonstrates that PRP intra-articular injections are likely to provide an improvement in pain and knee joint function, as well as joint hyperemia, even in the case of already established knee flexion contracture, which was managed with a circular distraction device. However, more studies regarding the Ilizarov technique and the PRP intraarticular administration are needed for a protocol to be established for the management of the hemophilic knee joint in the pediatric population.

What Kind of Dressing Is Important to Ensure Wound Healing With the Application of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Chronic Ulcers?

Wound healing is an intricate process of tissue regeneration that depends on the simultaneous presence of immunological and microenvironmental factors. The significant role of platelets and their granules in the wound-healing process has led to extensive research on their potential as a therapeutic intervention in different areas, including chronic wounds and aesthetic therapies. Saltwater aids in purification and promotes healing by utilizing osmosis. Sodium chloride, the chemical component present in salt, induces the extrusion of fluids from cells upon contact. If the liquids in issue are bacterial, they will also be ejected, assisting in the cleansing of the skin. Desiccation, often known as the drying out of injured cells, is well-known for its antibacterial properties and subsequent ability to reduce inflammation. This case series aims to investigate the advantages of using saltwater dressing following platelet-rich plasma therapy for chronic wounds.

Impact of autologous platelet concentrates on the osseointegration of dental implants.

Osseointegration is defined as the direct deposition of bone onto biomaterial devices, most commonly composed from titanium, for the purpose of anchoring dental prostheses. The use of autologous platelet concentrates (APC) has the potential to enhance this process by modifying the interface between the host and the surface of the titanium implant. The rationale is to modify the implant surface and implant-bone interface via "biomimicry," a process whereby the deposition of the host's own proteins and extracellular matrix enhances the biocompatibility of the implant and hence accelerates the osteogenic healing process. This review of the available evidence reporting on the effect of APC on osseointegration explores in vitro laboratory studies of the interaction of APC with different implant surfaces, as well as the in vivo and clinical effects of APC on osseointegration in animal and human studies. The inherent variability associated with using autologous products, namely the unique composition of each individual's blood plasma, as well as the great variety in APC protocols, combination of biomaterials, and clinical/therapeutic application, makes it is difficult to make any firm conclusions about the in vivo and clinical effects of APC on osseointegration. The available evidence suggests that the clinical benefits of adding PRP and the liquid form of L-PRF (liquid fibrinogen) to any implant surface appear to be limited. The application of L-PRF membranes in the osteotomy site, however, may produce positive clinical effects at the early stage of healing (up to 6 weeks), by promoting early implant stability and reducing marginal bone loss, although no positive longer term effects were observed. Careful interpretation and cautious conclusions should be drawn from these findings as there were various limitations in methodology. Future studies should focus on better understanding of the influence of APCs on the biomaterial surface and designing controlled preclinical and clinical studies using standardized APC preparation and application protocols.

Orthobiologics in delayed union and non-union of adult long bones fractures: A systematic review.

Background: Fracture healing poses a significant challenge in orthopedics. Successful regeneration of bone is provided by mechanical stability and a favorable biological microenvironment. This systematic review aims to explore the clinical application of orthobiologics in treating aseptic delayed union and non-union of long bones in adults. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Three databases were explored, with no date restrictions, using keywords related to orthobiologics and delayed union and non-union. Eligible studies included human clinical studies in English, with available full texts, examining orthobiologics such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) for treating aseptic delayed unions and non-unions in adults. Animal studies, in vitro research, and studies on non-unions due to congenital defects, tumors or infections were excluded. Results: The initial search identified 9417 studies, with 20 ultimately included in the review. These studies involved 493 patients affected by non-union and 256 patients affected by delayed union, with an average age respectively of 40.62 years and 41.7 years. The mean follow-up period was 15.55 months for non-unions and 8.07 months for delayed unions. PRP was the most used orthobiologic, and outcomes were evaluated through time to union, functional scores, and clinical examinations. The results indicated that orthobiologics, especially PRP, tended to yield better outcomes compared to surgical procedures without biological factors. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that orthobiologics, such as PRP, BMPs, and MSCs, can be effective and safe in the management of delayed union and non-union fractures. These biological treatments have the potential to improve union rates, reduce healing times, and enhance functional outcomes in patients with non-union fractures. Further research is essential to refine treatment protocols and determine the most suitable orthobiologic for specific patient populations and fracture types.

The Prp19C subunit Syf2 and the Prp19C-associated protein Cwc15 function in TREX occupancy and transcription elongation.

The Prp19 complex (Prp19C) also named NineTeen Complex (NTC) is conserved from yeast to human and functions in many different processes such as genome stability, splicing and transcription elongation. In the latter, Prp19C ensures TREX occupancy at transcribed genes. TREX in turn couples transcription to nuclear mRNA export by recruiting the mRNA exporter to transcribed genes and consequently to nascent mRNAs. Here, we assess the function of the nonessential Prp19C subunit Syf2 and the nonessential Prp19C-associated protein Cwc15 in the interaction of Prp19C and TREX with the transcription machinery, Prp19C and TREX occupancy as well as transcription elongation. Whereas both proteins are important for Prp19C-TREX interaction, Syf2 is needed for full Prp19C occupancy, and Cwc15 is important for the interaction of Prp19C with RNA polymerase II and TREX occupancy. These partially overlapping functions are corroborated by a genetic interaction between Δcwc15 and Δsyf2. Finally, Cwc15 also interacts genetically with the transcription elongation factor Dst1 and functions in transcription elongation. In summary, we uncover novel roles of the Prp19C component Syf2 and the Prp19C-associated protein Cwc15 in Prp19C's function in transcription elongation.

Navigating the Therapeutic Landscape: A Comprehensive Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Knee Osteoarthritis.

This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) as potential treatments for knee osteoarthritis. It explores their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety considerations, and the importance of personalised treatment approaches. The review highlights promising findings regarding the ability of PRP and BMAC to alleviate symptoms, improve joint function, and potentially slow disease progression. It emphasises the need for further research into long-term outcomes, direct comparative studies, protocol standardisation, biomarker identification, and cost-effectiveness assessments to enhance clinical practice. While the review does not directly compare PRP and BMAC, it provides valuable insights into their respective roles in knee osteoarthritis management. The review aims to contribute to evidence-based advancements in regenerative therapies for knee osteoarthritis by addressing critical research priorities and refining treatment strategies.

Intradiscal administration of autologous platelet-rich plasma in patients with Modic type 1 associated low back pain: A prospective pilot study.

Background: Various treatments for chronic low back pain (LBP) have been reported; among them, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a regenerative medicine has attracted much attention. Although Modic type 1 change (MC1) is associated with LBP, no treatment has been established so far. In addition, no studies have administered PRP to intervertebral discs (IVDs) in patients with LBP, targeting MC1 only. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of PRP administration to the IVDs in patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. Methods: PRP was injected intradiscally to 10 patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. Patients were followed prospectively for up to 24 weeks after primary administration. Physical condition, laboratory data, and lumbar x-ray images were evaluated for safety assessment. Furthermore, to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP, patient-reported outcomes were considered. In addition, changes in MC1 were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: There were no adverse events in the laboratory data or lumbar X-ray images after administration. The mean visual analog scale, which was 70.0 ± 13.3 before the treatment, significantly decreased 1 week after PRP administration and was 39.0 ± 28.8 at the last observation. Oswestry disability index and Roland Morris disability questionnaire scores promptly improved after treatment, and both improved significantly 24 weeks after PRP administration. Follow-up MRI 24 weeks after treatment showed a significant decrease in the mean high-signal intensity of fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging from 10.1 to 7.90 mm2 compared with that before PRP administration. Conclusions: The safety and efficacy of PRP administration to the IVDs of patients with MC1 experiencing LBP were identified. Post-treatment MRI suggested improvement in inflammation, speculating that PRP suppressed inflammation and consequently relieved the patient's symptoms. Despite the small number of patients, this treatment is promising for patients with MC1 experiencing LBP. The study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Certified Committee for Regenerative Medicine and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials [jRCT] No. jRCTb042210159).

Combination Therapy With Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) for Thin Endometrium: A Case Report.

This case study highlights the challenges faced by a couple with a history of two failed in-vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts, including miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy. After treating the female partner for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with ceftriaxone and doxycycline, the decision was made to proceed with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and fresh embryo transfer. Despite the transfer of two good-quality (4AB and 3AA) day five embryos, the human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) test yielded a negative result. Upon re-examination, a thin endometrium measuring 6.5mm was identified, prompting the implementation of the protocol for improvement of endometrial receptivity (PRIMER) protocol, which involves a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Following PRP administration and G-CSF injection, significant improvement was observed in the endometrial thickness. Subsequently, frozen embryo transfer (FET) was performed on day six of progesterone, resulting in a positive pregnancy outcome with a ß-hCG level of 234 mIU/ml. Continuous adherence to instructions and ongoing administration of G-CSF until the 12th week of gestation remains important. This case underscores the efficacy of the PRIMER protocol in overcoming obstacles such as recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and achieving positive outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on healing of lower extremity diabetic skin ulcers: A meta-analysis.

The aim of this research is to explore the therapeutic efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the cutaneous ulceration of diabetes mellitus (DM). From the beginning of the database until January 2024, we looked through several databases to obtain randomised, controlled PRP studies to treat the wound healing of DM in adult patients. The Cochrane Collaboration's Risk-Of-Bias Instrument was used to evaluate the risk of bias in randomised, controlled studies. Funnel plots, sensitivity analyses and Egger regression tests were employed to determine the reliability and effectiveness of the meta-analyses. Depending on the degree of heterogeneity, a fixed or random effect model has been used. The statistical significance was determined to be below 0.05. Altogether 281 trials were collected from the database and entered into Endnote Software for screening, and 15 trials were analysed. It was found that PRP was associated with a higher rate of wound healing (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.42, 4.31 p < 0.0001). PRP was associated with a reduction in the risk of post-operative wound infection (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21, 0.99 p = 0.05). PRP was associated with a reduction in the risk of amputations amongst those with DM (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30, 0.84 p = 0.009). Overall, PRP treatment for DM is expected to improve the rate of wound healing, decrease the risk of wound infection and decrease the risk of amputations.

A Comprehensive Review of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Its Emerging Role in Accelerating Bone Healing.

This comprehensive review delves into the emerging role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in accelerating bone healing. PRP, a blood-derived product rich in platelets and growth factors, has garnered attention for its regenerative potential. The review begins by defining PRP and providing a historical background, highlighting its significance in expediting bone healing. PRP's composition and preparation methods, including centrifugation techniques and commercial kits, are explored. Mechanistically, PRP operates by releasing growth factors, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis, elucidating its cellular effects. Applications in fracture healing and orthopaedic surgeries, such as joint arthroplasty and spinal fusion, are discussed, emphasising the promising outcomes in clinical trials. Safety considerations, patient selection criteria, and the need for PRP preparation and application standardisation are underscored. The review outlines ongoing research trends, potential technological advancements, and unexplored areas in paediatric applications and inflammatory bone disorders. The implications for clinical practice involve informed decision-making, optimised protocols, and interdisciplinary collaboration. In conclusion, the future of PRP in bone healing holds exciting prospects, with the potential for precision medicine, integration with emerging therapies, expanded applications, and enhanced technological innovations shaping its trajectory in orthopaedics and regenerative medicine.